What to Expect When You Apply
Applying to graduate or professional school involves more than just submitting an online form. Schools want to assess your academic preparation, motivation, and fit for the program. Most applications include a combination of documents, forms, and writing samples designed to paint a full picture of who you are as a candidate.
Below is a breakdown of the most common materials required during the graduate school application process and guidance on preparing each one thoughtfully.
Common Application Materials
Most graduate programs use centralized or school-specific online portals. You’ll typically be asked for:
- Personal and academic history
- Program selection
- Optional demographic information
- Application fee (often $50–$100)
Tip: Double-check each program’s deadlines and submission requirements—these can vary widely.
Summarizes your academic, professional, and extracurricular experiences.
Include:
- Research, internships, teaching, or leadership roles
- Honors, awards, presentations, or publications
- Relevant jobs or volunteer work
Tips:
- Use reverse chronological order (most recent first)
- Emphasize accomplishments and skills, not just duties
- Tailor to the program (e.g., highlight research for a research-heavy degree)
- Visit our Resume page for guidance
The institution could ask for a Personal Statement / Statement of Purpose / Letter of Intent which is your opportunity to explain why you’re pursuing graduate study and why you’re a strong fit.
While the 3 are related, there are some slight differences to consider:
Personal Statement:
Focuses on your personal background, motivations, and experiences that have shaped your decision to pursue graduate study. It often includes your academic journey, challenges overcome, and why this field matters to you personally.
Statement of Purpose:
More formal and goal-oriented. It emphasizes your academic and professional objectives, how the program fits into your career plans, and your preparedness to succeed in the field. It’s usually focused on research interests, career goals, and fit with the program.
Letter of Intent:
Often similar to a statement of purpose, but sometimes more focused on your commitment to a particular program or institution. It may also be used in specific contexts like residency applications or professional programs, stating your intent to enroll if accepted.
Overall, regardless of what type they’re asking for, it’s important to address:
- Academic and professional goals
- Why you chose this program
- How your background has prepared you
- What you hope to contribute
Tips:
- Follow the program’s prompt exactly
- Be clear, concise, and specific
- Seek feedback from faculty or mentors before submitting
- Avoid vague statements—use concrete examples
- Connect with the Writing Center for personalized support
A full guide to writing your application essay appears below.
Some graduate applications won’t ask for a single essay. Instead, they may use question-by-question prompts (for example: “Describe a challenge you’ve overcome” or “Why are you interested in our program?”).
In these cases:
- Treat each question like a mini essay — answer directly and with clear examples.
- Make sure your responses connect back to your goals, preparation, and fit with the program.
- Avoid repeating the same information in multiple answers; use each response to highlight a different strength or experience.
- The same principles still apply: be specific, authentic, and aligned with the program’s expectations.
Most programs require 2–3 letters from faculty, supervisors, or professionals who know your work.
Ideal recommenders:
- Professors who can speak to your academic readiness
- Supervisors from research, internships, or jobs in your field
Tips:
- Ask 4–6 weeks in advance
- Provide your resume, program details, and accomplishments
- Share your goals so they can tailor their letter
- If you may ask in the future, let them know now so they remember your work
Sample Email to Request a Letter of Recommendation:
When requesting a letter of recommendation, make sure your message is polite, professional, and specific. Reach out to individuals who can speak to your recent and relevant experiences. Be clear about why you’re applying, what you’re hoping they’ll highlight, and what materials you’ll provide to support them in writing a strong letter. Here’s an example of how to structure your email:
Subject: Request for Letter of Recommendation for Graduate School
Dear [Professor/Supervisor Name],
I hope you’re doing well. I’m in the process of applying to [Program Name] at [University Name], and I’m reaching out to ask if you would be willing to write me a strong letter of recommendation.
I truly valued our work together during [specific class/project/research/internship], and I believe you can speak to my skills in [mention 1–2 strengths or experiences relevant to the program]. The deadline to submit letters is [date], and I’d be happy to provide any materials that might be helpful, including my resume, a short summary of my accomplishments, and details about the program and my goals.
Please let me know if you’re comfortable writing this letter and if there’s anything you need from me.
Thank you for considering my request, and I appreciate your time and support.
Best regards,
[Your Full Name]
[Your Email]
[Your Phone Number, optional]
Required from all post-secondary institutions attended.
- Some programs accept unofficial copies at first, but require official versions later
- Official transcripts may have processing times and fees
Tip: Request early to avoid delays.
Not all programs require tests. Common exams include: GRE, GMAT, MCAT, LSAT.
Tips:
- Check each school’s current policy—many are test-optional
- Allow time for prep, registration, and score reporting
- Begin studying early if required
May be required for arts, humanities, or social sciences programs. Could include:
- Academic papers (for writing-intensive programs)
- Creative work (art, design, media)
- Project portfolios or multimedia samples
Tip: Follow formatting and content guidelines exactly.
Used to assess your fit, communication skills, and motivation.
Tip: Prepare as you would for a job interview—practice answering questions about your goals, experience, and interest in the program. See our Interview Preparation page for help.
How to Write a Graduate School Application Essay
The Grad School Application Essay (sometime called: Statement of Purpose, Personal Statement, or Letter of Intent) is one of the most important parts of your application. It’s your chance to explain your goals, demonstrate your readiness, and show how the program fits into your larger career path.
If you want to deepen your understanding of how to write a strong Statement of Purpose, check out this free book on the topic.
Purpose of the Grad School Essay:
- Clarify your academic and professional goals
- Show alignment with the program’s focus, faculty, or outcomes
- Share what motivates you and what you hope to contribute
What to Include:
Start with a brief story, reflection, or turning point that inspired your interest in this field. Avoid clichés by being personal and specific.
Example:
“Growing up in a medically underserved community, I witnessed firsthand the challenges people face in accessing quality healthcare. During high school, volunteering at a local clinic solidified my passion for nursing and inspired me to pursue a career dedicated to improving patient outcomes.”
Describe your educational preparation. Highlight coursework or projects that sparked your interest and prepared you for graduate-level study.
Example:
“My undergraduate studies in psychology introduced me to cognitive behavioral therapy through a research project on anxiety disorders. This experience not only deepened my understanding of mental health but also equipped me with research skills that I am eager to build upon in graduate school.”
Highlight relevant jobs, internships, volunteer work, or research. Explain what you learned and how these experiences shaped your goals.
Example:
“As an intern at the city’s public health department, I assisted with community outreach programs focusing on diabetes prevention. This role taught me the importance of culturally sensitive education and reinforced my commitment to pursuing a Master’s in Public Health to design effective intervention strategies.”
Explain what you hope to accomplish after earning your degree. Is your goal licensure, research, teaching, leadership, or clinical practice?
Example:
“Upon completion of the MSW program, I plan to become a licensed clinical social worker specializing in trauma-informed care. I aim to work in underserved communities to provide accessible mental health services and advocate for policy changes that support vulnerable populations.”
Show that you’ve researched the program. Mention faculty you want to work with, courses that interest you, or aspects of the program that align with your goals.
Example:
“I am particularly drawn to XYZ University’s MSW program because of its strong focus on community engagement and its partnership with local health organizations. I am eager to work with Professor Jane Smith, whose research on trauma recovery closely aligns with my interests.”
End with a confident, future-focused statement that reaffirms your enthusiasm and summarizes why you are a strong fit.
Example:
“I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to and learn from XYZ University’s graduate community. With my background and passion, I am confident I will thrive in this program and make meaningful contributions to the field of social work.”
Things to Consider:
- Follow the prompt carefully. Some programs request a general application essay, while others ask for specific questions or topics—make sure you answer exactly what they ask.
- Be concise. Stick to word or page limits (typically 500–1,000 words) to keep your statement focused and readable.
- Maintain professionalism. Use formal language—avoid slang, jargon, or overly casual phrases.
- Proofread thoroughly. Typos or grammatical errors suggest a lack of care. Have multiple people review your draft for clarity and correctness.
- Tell a story. Connect your experiences and goals through a clear narrative, rather than listing accomplishments. This makes your statement engaging and memorable.
- Did I carefully follow the prompt and answer all questions?
- Is my statement within the required word or page limit?
- Have I used professional and clear language—no slang or casual phrases?
- Have I thoroughly proofread my draft and asked others to review it?
- Does my statement tell a cohesive story rather than just listing achievements?
Sample Application Essays
Disclaimer: The samples provided here were generated with the assistance of AI to demonstrate formatting, structure, and tone. Use them sparingly as a guide rather than a template to copy from. A strong application essay should reflect your unique experiences, voice, and motivations—so be sure to let your personality shine through in your writing.
Growing up in a bilingual household, I learned early that language is not just a tool for communication; it’s a vessel for identity, power, and cultural memory. Reading The House on Mango Street in high school was the first time I saw my own experiences reflected in literature. That moment transformed English from a required subject into a passion and a path. I wanted to understand how stories shape the way we see ourselves and each other and how they’ve been used historically to both empower and exclude.
As an English major at UNLV, I gravitated toward courses that explored literature through critical and cultural lenses. In “Postcolonial Literature,” I analyzed narratives of resistance in Caribbean fiction; in “Theories of Gender and Sexuality,” I examined intersectionality in contemporary American poetry. A research paper I wrote on code-switching in Latinx literature was selected for presentation at the Western Regional Honors Conference, and that process taught me how to frame arguments, synthesize theory, and enter broader academic conversations. These experiences deepened my interest in literary analysis as a means of interrogating systems of power and representation.
Outside the classroom, I interned with a local literary nonprofit, Las Letras Vivas, where I helped organize bilingual readings and writing workshops for high school students in East Las Vegas. I also served as a peer writing tutor at the UNLV Writing Center, where I worked with students from diverse disciplines and backgrounds. These roles reinforced my belief in the value of accessible, community-centered education and showed me how the skills through studying literature, I’ve developed critical thinking, empathy, and communication, which can serve both scholarly and public life.
I am applying to the MA in English at UNLV because I want to continue exploring how literature reflects and shapes cultural identity, particularly in Latinx and diasporic communities. I am especially interested in working with Dr. Miguel Rios on narrative strategies in Chicanx literature and with Dr. Alisha Grant on feminist literary theory. The program’s balance of rigorous scholarship and interdisciplinary inquiry makes it an ideal environment for refining my research interests and preparing for future doctoral study.
My long-term goal is to earn a PhD and become a professor of English. I want to teach, mentor, and contribute to scholarship that bridges academic and community spaces. I believe that UNLV’s MA program, with its strong faculty, diverse student body, and commitment to equity, will provide the training and support I need to take that next step.
I approach this next chapter with excitement, purpose, and a strong sense of why literature matters. I look forward to deepening my studies at an institution that shares my values and encourages critical engagement both inside and outside the classroom.
My commitment to medicine grew from a formative experience sitting beside my grandfather in the emergency room, where I observed not only the precision of medical technology but also the physician’s compassionate communication. This blend of science and empathy sparked a deep interest in pursuing a career dedicated to serving others through evidence-based, patient-centered care.
At UNLV, I majored in Biological Sciences with a concentration in Cell and Molecular Biology. Rigorous coursework in Human Physiology and Genetics revealed the complexity and resilience of the human body, while a neurobiology research project on synaptic responses in stress-exposed mice honed my skills in experimental design, critical analysis, and perseverance. These experiences have prepared me for the intellectual rigor of medical school and cultivated a scientific mindset essential for clinical practice.
My clinical and volunteer work at Sunrise Hospital and a community clinic serving low-income and undocumented patients reinforced my understanding of healthcare disparities and the necessity of culturally competent care. Volunteering in the ER and pediatrics taught me how clinical excellence must be paired with empathy and effective communication. Working as a medical assistant solidified my commitment to addressing health inequities through patient advocacy and public health engagement.
I am particularly interested in family and internal medicine because these fields emphasize long-term patient relationships and community health. I aspire to practice medicine in underserved urban areas like Las Vegas, where preventive care access remains a critical challenge.
I am applying to medical schools that combine academic excellence with early clinical exposure, interdisciplinary research opportunities, and community-based learning. These program features are essential for developing physicians who are not only skilled clinicians but also advocates for equitable healthcare.
Medicine integrates my academic strengths, lived experiences, and core values. I am eager to embrace the challenges of medical school and to contribute to a learning environment that fosters both intellectual growth and compassionate care.
From troubleshooting a malfunctioning sensor with my high school robotics team to developing a mobile app for disaster preparedness, my passion for computer science has been fueled by a blend of logic, creativity, and real-world impact. This journey has evolved from coding simple games in Python to engaging in advanced research and professional internships that address complex challenges.
At UNLV, my major in Computer Science and minor in Mathematics have provided a strong foundation in theory and application. Courses like Algorithms and Data Structures and Artificial Intelligence sharpened my problem-solving skills, while electives in Human-Computer Interaction deepened my commitment to designing user-centered technology. My senior capstone project exemplified my ability to collaborate and translate user needs into effective solutions.
Research under Dr. Elena Park through the Summer Undergraduate Research Experience allowed me to apply machine learning to satellite imagery for early wildfire detection. This opportunity honed my skills in data processing, algorithm optimization, and clear communication of technical findings. Additionally, my internship at the Nevada Department of Transportation, where I helped develop traffic flow visualization tools, strengthened my interest in applied AI and interdisciplinary work.
I am committed to pursuing a career in applied research focused on infrastructure and environmental challenges, especially within underserved communities. My long-term goal is to lead projects that use ethical AI and data-driven tools to drive equitable solutions.
UNLV’s MS in Computer Science program stands out for its strengths in AI and cybersecurity, its emphasis on community impact, and its strong industry connections. I am eager to work with Dr. Tarek Zayed on innovative projects that intersect smart infrastructure and machine learning. The program’s resources and collaborative environment make it the ideal place for me to advance my technical expertise and professional network.
I am enthusiastic about continuing my education at UNLV and confident that my academic background, research experience, and career aspirations align well with the program’s mission. I look forward to contributing to and growing within this dynamic community.
Need Help?
Writing a strong application essay can be challenging. Feel free to reach out to Career Services and Workforce Development (CSWD) to meet with a Career Coach for feedback on whether your statement meets program requirements. You can also visit the Writing Center for expert guidance on flow, clarity, and overall effectiveness. Don’t hesitate to seek support—getting a second set of eyes can make all the difference.



